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It is known that compaction of granular matter can lead to anisotropicmechanical properties. Recent work has confirmed the link to pore spaceanisotropy, but the relation between compression, mechanical properties andmaterial microstructure remains poorly understood and new diagnostic tools areneeded. By studying the temporal and spatial characteristics of short opticalpulses diffusively transmitted through compacted granular materials, we showthat powder compaction can also give rise to strongly anisotropic diffusion oflight. Investigating technologically important materials such asmicrocrystalline cellulose, lactose and calcium phosphate, we report increasingoptical anisotropy with compaction force and radial diffusion constants beingup to 1.7 times the longitudinal. This open new and attractive routes tomaterial characterization and investigation of compression-induced structuralanisotropy. In addition, by revealing inadequacy of isotropic diffusion models,our observations also have important implications for quantitative spectroscopyof powder compacts (e.g., pharmaceutical tablets).

Observation of anisotropic diffusion of light in compacted granular porous materials