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Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA molecules which code for their ownreplication. We previously reported a setup using genes coding for fluorescentproteins of two colors that allowed us, using a simple model, to extract theplasmid copy number noise in a monoclonal population of bacteria [J. Wong Ng etal., Phys. Rev. E, 81, 011909 (2010)]. Here we present a detailed calculationrelating this noise to the measured levels of fluorescence, taking into accountall sources of fluorescence fluctuations: the fluctuation of gene expression asin the simple model, but also the growth and division of bacteria, thenon-uniform distribution of their ages, the random partition of proteins atdivisions and the replication and partition of plasmids and chromosome. We showhow using the chromosome as a reference helps extracting the plasmid copynumber noise in a self-consistent manner.

Inference of plasmid copy number mean and noise from single cell gene expression data