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Transparent biological tissues can be precisely dissected with ultrafastlasers using optical breakdown in the tight focal zone. Typically, tissues arecut by sequential application of pulses, each of which produces a singlecavitation bubble. We investigate the hydrodynamic interactions betweensimultaneous cavitation bubbles originating from multiple laser foci.Simultaneous expansion and collapse of cavitation bubbles can enhance thecutting efficiency by increasing the resulting deformations in tissue, and theassociated rupture zone. An analytical model of the flow induced by the bubblesis presented and experimentally verified. The threshold strain of the materialrupture is measured in a model tissue. Using the computational model and theexperimental value of the threshold strain one can compute the shape of therupture zone in tissue resulting from application of multiple bubbles. With thethreshold strain of 0.7 two simultaneous bubbles produce a continuous cut whenapplied at the distance 1.35 times greater than that required in sequentialapproach. Simultaneous focusing of the laser in multiple spots along the lineof intended cut can extend this ratio to 1.7. Counter-propagating jets formingduring collapse of two bubbles in materials with low viscosity can furtherextend the cutting zone - up to a factor of 1.54.

Multi-focal laser surgery: cutting enhancement by hydrodynamic interactions between cavitation bubbles