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The physical limit with which a cell senses external ligand concentrationcorresponds to the perfect absorber, where all ligand particles are absorbedand overcounting of same ligand particles does not occur. Here we analyze howthe lateral diffusion of receptors on the cell membrane affects the accuracy ofsensing ligand concentration. Specifically, we connect our modeling toneurotransmission in neural synapses where the diffusion of glutamate receptorsis already known to refresh synaptic connections. We find that receptordiffusion indeed increases the accuracy of sensing for both the glutamate AMPAand NDMA receptors, although the NMDA receptor is overall much noiser. Wepropose that the difference in accuracy of sensing of the two receptors can belinked to their different roles in neurotransmission. Specifically, the highaccuracy in sensing glutamate is essential for the AMPA receptor to startmembrane depolarization, while the NMDA receptor is believed to work in asecond stage as a coincidence detector, involved in long-term potentiation andmemory.

Increased accuracy of ligand sensing by receptor diffusion on cell surface