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Complexity in the temporal organization of neural systems may be a reflectionof the diversity of its neural constituents. These constituents, excitatory andinhibitory neurons, comprise an invariant ratio in vivo and form the substratefor rhythmic oscillatory activity. To begin to elucidate the dynamicalmechanisms that underlie this balance, we construct novel neural circuits notordinarily found in nature. We culture several networks of neurons composed ofexcitatory and inhibitory cells and use a multi-electrode array to study theirtemporal dynamics as the balance is modulated. We use the electrode burst asthe temporal imprimatur to signify the presence of network activity. Burstdurations, inter-burst intervals, and the number of spikes participating withina burst are used to illustrate the vivid dynamical differences between thevarious cultured networks. When the network consists largely of excitatoryneurons, no network temporal structure is apparent. However, the addition ofinhibitory neurons evokes a temporal order. Calculation of the temporalautocorrelation shows that when the number of inhibitory neurons is a majorfraction of the network, a striking network pattern materializes when none waspreviously present.

Observed network dynamics from altering the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cultured networks