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We study the phase behavior of bowl-shaped particles using computersimulations. These particles were found experimentally to form a meta-stableworm-like fluid phase in which the bowl-shaped particles have a strong tendencyto stack on top of each other [M.Marechal et al, Nano Letters 10, 1907 (2010)].In this work, we show that the transition from the low-density fluid to theworm-like phase has an interesting effect on the equation of state. Thesimulation results also show that the worm-like fluid phase transformsspontaneously into a columnar phase for bowls that are sufficiently deep.Furthermore, we describe the phase behavior as obtained from free energycalculations employing Monte Carlo simulations. The columnar phase is stablefor bowl shapes ranging from infinitely thin bowls to surprisingly shallowbowls. Aside from a large region of stability for the columnar phase, the phasediagram features four novel crystal phases and a region where the stable fluidcontains worm-like stacks.

Phase behavior and structure of colloidal bowl-shaped particles: simulations