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This is a comprehensive report on the phase transition between two turbulentstates of electroconvection in nematic liquid crystals, which was recentlyfound by the authors to be in the directed percolation (DP) universality class[K. A. Takeuchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 234503 (2007)]. We furtherinvestigate both static and dynamic critical behavior of this phase transition,measuring a total of 12 critical exponents, 5 scaling functions, and 8 scalingrelations, all in full agreement with those characterizing the DP class in 2+1dimensions. Developing an experimental technique to create a seed oftopological-defect turbulence by pulse laser, we confirm in particular therapidity symmetry, which is a basic but nontrivial consequence of thefield-theoretic approach to DP. This provides the first clear experimentalrealization of this outstanding, truly out-of-equilibrium universality class,dominating most phase transitions into an absorbing state.

Experimental realization of directed percolation criticality in turbulent liquid crystals