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Using discrete simulations, we investigate the behavior of a model granularmaterial within an annular shear cell. Specifically, two-dimensional assembliesof disks are placed between two circular walls, the inner one rotating withprescribed angular velocity, while the outer one may expand or shrink andmaintains a constant radial pressure. Focusing on steady state flows, wedelineate in parameter space the range of applicability of the recentlyintroduced constitutive laws for sheared granular materials (based on theinertial number). We discuss the two origins of the stronger strain ratesobserved near the inner boundary, the vicinity of the wall and theheteregeneous stress field in a Couette cell. Above a certain velocity, aninertial region develops near the inner wall, to which the known constitutivelaws apply, with suitable corrections due to wall slip, for small enough stressgradients. Away from the inner wall, slow, apparently unbounded creep takesplace in the nominally solid material, although its density and shear to normalstress ratio are on the jammed side of the critical values. In addition torheological characterizations, our simulations provide microscopic informationon the contact network and velocity fluctuations that is potentially useful toassess theoretical approaches.

Annular shear of cohesionless granular materials: from inertial to quasistatic regime