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Generalizing a recent work [T. Taniguchi and E. G. D. Cohen, J. Stat. Phys.126, 1 (2006)] that was based on the Onsager-Machlup theory, a nonlinearrelaxation process is considered for a macroscopic thermodynamic quantity. Itis found that the fluctuation theorem holds in the nonlinear nonequilibriumregime if the change of the entropy characterized by local equilibria isappropriately renormalized. The fluctuation theorem for the ordinary entropychange is recovered in the linear near-equilibrium case. This result suggests apossibility that the the information-theoretic entropy of the Shannon form maybe modified in the strongly nonlinear nonequilibrium regime.

Fluctuation theorem for the renormalized entropy change in the strongly nonlinear nonequilibrium regime