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We present a detailed dynamic light scattering study on the phase separationin the ocular lens emerging during cold cataract development. Cold cataract isa phase separation effect that proceeds via spinodal decomposition of the lenscytoplasm with cooling. Intensity auto-correlation functions of the lensprotein content are analyzed with the aid of two methods providing informationon the populations and dynamics of the scattering elements associated with coldcataract. It is found that the temperature dependence of many measurableparameters changes appreciably at the characteristic temperature ~16+1 oC whichis associated with the onset of cold cataract. Extending the temperature rangeof this work to previously inaccessible regimes, i.e. well below the phaseseparation or coexistence curve at Tcc, we have been able to accuratelydetermine the temperature dependence of the collective and self-diffusioncoefficient of proteins near the spinodal. The analysis showed that thedynamics of proteins bears some resemblance to the dynamics of structuralglasses where the apparent activation energy for particle diffusion increasesbelow Tcc indicating a highly cooperative motion. Application of ideasdeveloped for studying the critical dynamics of binary protein/solventmixtures, as well as the use of a modified Arrhenius equation, enabled us toestimate the spinodal temperature Tsp of the lens nucleus. The applicability ofdynamic light scattering as a non-invasive, early-diagnostic tool for oculardiseases is also demonstrated in the light of the findings of the presentpaper.

Dynamic light scattering study on phase separation of a protein-water mixture: Application on cold cataract development in the ocular lens