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We report experimental measurements of particle dynamics on slowly shearedgranular matter in a three-dimensional (3D) Couette cell. A closely-packedensemble of transparent spherical beads is confined by an external pressure andfilled with fluid to match both the density and refractive index of the beads.This allows us to track tracer particles embedded in the system and obtainthree-dimensional trajectories as a function of time. We study the PDF of thevertical and radial displacements, finding Gaussian and exponentialdistributions, respectively. For slow shear rates, the mean-square fluctuationsin all three directions are found to be dependent only on the angulardisplacement of the Couette cell. Both the diffusivity and mobility of tracerparticles are proportional to the shear rate, giving rise to a constanteffective temperature, characteristic of the jammed system.

Particle dynamics and effective temperature of jammed granular matter in a slowly sheared 3D Couette cell