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We investigate the dynamics of a partially saturated grain-liquid mixturewith a rotating drum apparatus. The drum is partially filled with the mixtureand then rotated about its horizontal axis. We focus on the continousavalanching regime and measure the impact of volume fraction and viscosity ofthe liquid on the dynamic surface angle. The inclination angle of the surfaceis observed to increase sharply to a peak and then decrease as a function ofliquid volume fraction. The height of the peak is observed to increase withrotation rate. For higher liquid volume fractions, the inclination angle of thesurface can decrease with viscosity before increasing. The viscosity where theminima occurs decreases with the rotation rate of the drum. Limitedmeasurements of the flow depth were made, and these were observed to show onlyfractional changes with volume fraction and rotation speeds. We show that thequalitative features of our observations can be understood by analyzing theeffect of lubrication forces on the timescale over which particles come incontact.

Lubrication effects on the flow of wet granular materials