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By means of Molecular Dynamics simulations, we investigate the elementaryprocess of avalanches and size segregation by surface flow in 2 dimensions: asingle ball confined to moving along an inclined line consisting of balls. Theglobal characteristics of the motion depend strongly on the size of the movingball relative to the size of the balls on the line, as well as the distributionof the balls on the line. We find that in the steady state the friction forceacting on the ball is independent of material properties like the Coulombfriction coefficient and the coefficient of restitution. Contrary to previousnotions about the details of the motion, we find that it is very regular andconsists of many small bounces on each ball on the line. As a result of thisregularity, introducing a random spacing between the balls on the line hasmainly the same influence as a regular spacing of adequate length. Theinsensitivity of the steady state velocity to material properties and to thedetailed arrangement of the balls on the line allows for an analyticalestimation of the mean velocity which fits the simulation results very well. Wefind that results from the 2D case can probably not be transferred to the 3Dcase of a ball moving on a rough inclined plane as easily as has been suggestedpreviously.Comment: 13 pages, revtex, 14 ps-figure

Collision-induced friction in the motion of a single particle on a bumpy inclined line