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A methodology for the statistical mechanical analysis of polymeric chainsunder tension introduced previously is extended to include torque. The responseof individual bonds between monomers or of entire groups of monomers to acombination of tension and torque involves, in the framework of this method ofanalysis, the (thermal or mechanical) activation of a specific mix ofstatistically interacting particles carrying quanta of extension or contractionand quanta of twist or supercoiling. The methodology, which is elucidated inapplications of increasing complexity, is capable of describing the conversionbetween twist chirality and plectonemic chirality in quasistatic processes. Thecontrol variables are force or extension and torque or linkage (a combinationof twist and writhe). The versatility of this approach is demonstrated in twoapplications relevant and promising for double-stranded DNA under controlledtension and torque. One application describes conformational transformationsbetween (native) B-DNA, (underwound) S-DNA, and (overwound) P-DNA in accordwith experimental data. The other application describes how the conversionbetween a twisted chain and a supercoiled chain accommodates variations oflinkage and excess length in a buckling transition.

physical review. e

Mechanical response to tension and torque of molecular chains via  statistically interacting particles associated with extension, contraction,  twist, and supercoiling