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How self-organization leads to the emergence of structure in socialpopulations remains a fascinating and open question in the study of complexsystems. One frequently observed structure that emerges again and again acrosssystems is that of self-similar community, i.e., homophily. We use a gametheoretic perspective to explore a case in which individuals choose affiliationpartnerships based on only two factors: the value they place on having socialcontacts, and their risk tolerance for exposure to threat derived from socialcontact (e.g., infectious disease, threatening ideas, etc.). We show howdiversity along just these two influences are sufficient to cause the emergenceof self-organizing homophily in the population. We further consider a case inwhich extrinsic social factors influence the desire to maintain particularsocial ties, and show the robustness of emergent homophilic patterns to theseadditional influences. These results demonstrate how observablepopulation-level homophily may arise out of individual behaviors that balancethe value of social contacts against the potential risks associated with thosecontacts. We present and discuss these results in the context of outbreaks ofinfectious disease in human populations. Complementing the standard narrativeabout how social division alters epidemiological risk, we here show howepidemiological risk may deepen social divisions in human populations.

Diversity in Valuing Social Contact and Risk Tolerance Lead to the Emergence of Homophily in Populations Facing Infectious Threats