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An active environment is a reservoir containing \emph{active} materials, suchas bacteria and Janus particles. Given the self-propelled motion of thesematerials, powered by chemical energy, an active environment has unique,nonequilibrium environmental noise. Recently, studies on engines that harvestenergy from active environments have attracted a great deal of attentionbecause the theoretical and experimental findings indicate that these enginesoutperform conventional ones. Studies have explored the features of activeenvironments essential for outperformance, such as the non-Gaussian ornon-Markovian nature of the active noise. However, these features have not yetbeen systematically investigated in a general setting. Therefore, wesystematically study the effects of the non-Gaussianity and non-Markovianity ofactive noise on engine performance. We show that non-Gaussianity is irrelevantto the performance of an engine driven by {any linear force (including aharmonic trap) regardless of time dependency}, whereas non-Markovianity isrelevant. However, for a system driven by a general nonlinear force, bothnon-Gaussianity and non-Markovianity enhance engine performance. Also, thememory effect of an active reservoir should be considered when fabricating acyclic engine.

Effects of the non-Markovianity and non-Gaussianity of active environmental noises on engine performance