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Electric vehicles may dominate motorized transport in the next decade, yetthe impact of the collective dynamics of electric mobility on long-rangetraffic flow is still largely unknown. We demonstrate a type of congestion thatarises if charging infrastructure is limited or electric vehicle density ishigh. This congestion emerges solely through indirect interactions at charginginfrastructure by queue-avoidance behavior that - counterintuitively - inducesclustering of occupied charging stations and phase separation of the flow intofree and congested stations. The resulting congestion waves always propagateforward in the direction of travel, in contrast to typicallybackward-propagating congestion waves known from traditional traffic jams.These results may guide the planning and design of charging infrastructure anddecision support applications in the near future.

Phase separation induces congestion waves in electric vehicle charging