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For the first time we observed formation of small satellite droplets from thebridge at droplet coalescence. Investigations were made using a Hele-Shaw cellin the two-phase region at nematic-isotropic phase transition. In previousworks on coalescence it was considered that before start of coalescence thereexists a bridge between the outer fluid connecting regions on the two sides ofthe droplets (outer bridge). After start of coalescence a bridge connecting thetwo droplets appears (droplet bridge) and the outer bridge is broken. For thefirst time we have shown that there are coalescence processes when after startof coalescence both the droplet bridge and the outer bridge can exist. Thiscardinally changes the coalescence process. During the first coalescence stagethe size of the outer bridge decreases, the size of the droplet bridgeincreases. During the second stage the outer bridge becomes unstable withpinch-off, formation of pointed end domains, secondary instability, splittingof pointed end domains and formation of satellite droplets. Our work connectstwo areas of fluid dynamics: coalescence and breakup with formation ofsatellite droplets.

Dynamics of capillary coalescence and breakup: quasi-two-dimensional nematic and isotropic droplets