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Achieving a high conversion efficiency into relativistic electrons is centralto short-pulse laser application and fundamentally relies on creatinginteraction regions with intensities ${\gg}10^{18}$~W/cm$^2$. Small focallength optics are typically employed to achieve this goal; however, thissolution is impractical for large kJ-class systems that are constrained byfacility geometry, debris concerns, and component costs. We fieldedtarget-mounted compound parabolic concentrators to overcome these limitationsand achieved nearly an order of magnitude increase to the conversion efficiencyand more than tripled electron temperature compared to flat targets.Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that plasma confinement within thecone and formation of turbulent laser fields that develop from cone wallreflections are responsible for the improved laser-to-target coupling. {Thesepassive target components can be used to improve the coupling efficiency forall high-intensity short-pulse laser applications, particularly at largefacilities with long focal length optics.

Order of magnitude increase in laser-target coupling at near-relativistic intensities using compound parabolic concentrators