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Deformations of cell sheets during morphogenesis are driven by developmentalprocesses such as cell division and cell shape changes. In morphoelastic shelltheories of development, these processes appear as variations of the intrinsicgeometry of a thin elastic shell. However, morphogenesis often involves largebending deformations that are outside the formal range of validity of theseshell theories. Here, by asymptotic expansion of three-dimensionalincompressible morphoelasticity in the limit of a thin shell, we derive a shelltheory for large intrinsic bending deformations and emphasise the resultinggeometric material anisotropy and the elastic role of cell constriction. Takingthe invagination of the green alga Volvox as a model developmental event, weshow how results for this theory differ from those for a classical shell theorythat is not formally valid for these large bending deformations and reveal howthese geometric effects stabilise invagination.

Morphoelasticity of Large Bending Deformations of Cell Sheets during Development