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Laboratory realizations of 2D plasma crystals typically involve monodispersemicroparticles confined into horizontal monolayers in radio-frequency (rf)plasma sheaths. This gives rise to the so-called plasma wakes beneath themicroparticles. The presence of wakes renders the interactions in such systemsnon-reciprocal, a fact that can lead to a quite different behaviour from theone expected for their reciprocal counterparts. Here we examine the buckling ofa hexagonal 2D plasma crystal, occurring as the confinement strength isdecreased, taking explicitly into account the non-reciprocity of the system viaa well-established point-particle wake model. We observe that for a finite wakecharge, the monolayer hexagonal crystal undergoes a transition first to abilayer hexagonal structure, unrealisable in harmonically confined reciprocalYukawa systems, and subsequently to a bilayer square structure. Our theoreticalresults are confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations for experimentallyrelevant parameters, indicating the potential of their observation instate-of-the-art experiments with 2D complex plasmas.

Buckling of 2D Plasma Crystals with Non-reciprocal Interactions