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The formation and melting of a mono-layered charged dust particle crystal ina DC glow discharge Argon plasma is studied. The nature of themelting/formation process is established as a first order phase transition fromthe nature of the variations in the Coulomb coupling parameter, the dusttemperature, the structural order parameter and from the existence of ahysteresis behavior. Our experimental results are distinctly different fromexisting theoretical predictions for 2D crystals based on the KTHNY mechanismor the Grain boundary induced melting and indicate a novel mechanism that isakin to a fluctuation induced first order phase transition that has not beenobserved before in complex plasmas.

Experimental observation of a first order phase transition in a complex plasma mono-layer crystal