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The pseudopotential multiphase lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is a very popularmodel in the LB community for simulating multiphase flows. When the multiphasemodeling involves a solid boundary, a numerical scheme is required to simulatethe contact angle at the solid boundary. In this work, we aim at investigatingthe implementation of contact angles in the pseudopotential LB simulations withcurved boundaries. In the pseudopotential LB model, the contact angle isusually realized by employing a solid-fluid interaction or specifying aconstant virtual wall density. However, it is shown that the solid-fluidinteraction scheme yields very large spurious currents in the simulationsinvolving curved boundaries, while the virtual-density scheme produces anunphysical thick mass-transfer layer near the solid boundary although it givesmuch smaller spurious currents. We also extend the geometric-formulation schemein the phase-field method to the pseudopotential LB model. Nevertheless, incomparison with the solid-fluid interaction scheme and the virtual-densityscheme, the geometric-formulation scheme is relatively difficult to implementfor curved boundaries and cannot be directly applied to three-dimensionalspace. By analyzing the features of these three schemes, we propose an improvedvirtual-density scheme to implement contact angles in the pseudopotential LBsimulations with curved boundaries, which does not suffer from a thickmass-transfer layer near the solid boundary and retains the advantages of theoriginal virtual-density scheme, i.e., simplicity, easiness for implementation,and low spurious currents.

Implementation of contact angles in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann simulations with curved boundaries