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We report on a series of experiments in which a grain-sized intruder ispushed by a spring through a 2D granular material comprised of photoelasticdisks in a Couette geometry. We study the intruder dynamics as a function ofpacking fraction for two types of supporting substrates: a frictional glassplate and a layer of water for which basal friction forces are negligible. Weobserve two dynamical regimes: intermittent flow, in which the intruder movesfreely most of the time but occasionally gets stuck, and stick-slip dynamics,in which the intruder advances via a sequence of distinct, rapid events. Whenbasal friction is present, we observe a smooth crossover between the tworegimes as a function of packing fraction, and we find that reducing theinterparticle friction coefficient causes the stick-slip regime to shift tohigher packing fractions. When basal friction is eliminated, we observeintermittent flow at all accessible packing fractions. For all cases, wepresent results for the statistics of stick events, the intruder velocity, andthe force exerted on the intruder by the grains. Our results indicate thequalitative importance of basal friction at high packing fractions and suggesta possible connection between intruder dynamics in a static material andclogging dynamics in granular flows.

Dynamics of a grain-scale intruder in a two-dimensional granular medium with and without basal friction