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During an epidemic control, the containment of the disease is usuallyachieved through increasing devoted resource to shorten the duration ofinfectiousness. However, the impact of this resource expenditure has not beenstudied quantitatively. Using the well-documented cholera data, we observeempirically that the recovery rate which is related to the duration ofinfectiousness has a strong positive correlation with the average resourcedevoted to the infected individuals. By incorporating this relation we build anovel model and find that insufficient resource leads to an abrupt increase inthe infected population size, which is in marked contrast with the continuousphase transitions believed previously. Counterintuitively, this abrupt phasetransition is more pronounced in the less contagious diseases, which usuallycorrespond to the most fatal ones. Furthermore, we find that even for a singleinfection source, public resource needs to meet a significant amount, which isproportional to the whole population size to ensure epidemic containment. Ourfindings provide a theoretical foundation for efficient epidemic containmentstrategies in the early stage.

Non-trivial Resource Amount Requirement in the Early Stage for Containing Fatal Diseases