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The model-independent reconstruction of the energy spectra of$\overline{\nu}^{}_e$, $\nu^{}_e$ and $\nu^{}_x$ (i.e., $\nu^{}_\mu$,$\nu^{}_\tau$ and their antiparticles) from the future observation of agalactic core-collapse supernova (SN) is of crucial importance to understandthe microscopic physics of SN explosions. To this end, we propose a practicallyuseful method to combine the multi-channel detection of SN neutrinos in a largeliquid-scintillator detector (e.g., JUNO), namely, the inverse beta decay$\overline{\nu}^{}_e + p \to e^+ + n$, the elastic neutrino-proton scattering$\nu + p \to \nu + p$ and the elastic neutrino-electron scattering $\nu + e^-\to \nu + e^-$, and reconstruct the energy spectra of $\overline{\nu}^{}_e$,$\nu^{}_e$ and $\nu^{}_x$ by making the best use of the observational data inthose three channels. In addition, the neutrino energy spectra from thenumerical simulations of the delayed neutrino-driven SN explosions areimplemented to demonstrate the robustness of our method. Taking the ordinarymatter effects into account, we also show how to extract the initial neutrinoenergy spectra in the presence of neutrino flavor conversions.

A model-independent approach to the reconstruction of multi-flavor supernova neutrino energy spectra