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We discuss the fact that $k_t$-factorization calculations for heavy-quarkproduction include only the $gg\rightarrow Q\bar{Q}$ contribution. The cases offixed-flavor-number scheme and variable-flavor-number scheme calculations areanalyzed separately. For the latter, we show that, similarly to the collinearfactorization, the main contribution is given by the $Qg\rightarrow Qg$process. In this scheme, calculations including only the $gg$ contributionshould show a large discrepancy with the data. We show that, if they do not, itis because they include (effectively) a large $K$ factor.

Heavy-quark production with $k_t$-factorization: The importance of the sea-quark distribution