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We report the first measurements of transverse single-spin asymmetries forinclusive jet and jet + $\pi^{\pm}$ production at midrapidity from transverselypolarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 500$ GeV. The data werecollected in 2011 with the STAR detector sampled from 23 pb$^{-1}$ integratedluminosity with an average beam polarization of 53%. Asymmetries are reportedfor jets with transverse momenta $6 < p_{T, jet} < 55$ GeV/c and pseudorapidity$|\eta| < 1$. Presented are measurements of the inclusive-jet azimuthaltransverse single-spin asymmetry, sensitive to twist-3 initial-statequark-gluon correlators; the Collins asymmetry, sensitive to quark transversitycoupled to the polarized Collins fragmentation function; and the firstmeasurement of the "Collins-like" asymmetry, sensitive to linearly polarizedgluons. Within the present statistical precision, inclusive-jet andCollins-like asymmetries are small, with the latter allowing the firstexperimental constraints on gluon linear polarization in a polarized proton. Athigher values of jet transverse momenta, we observe the first non-zero Collinsasymmetries in polarized-proton collisions, with a statistical significance ofgreater than $5\sigma$. The results span a range of x similar to results fromSIDIS but at much higher $Q^{2}$. The Collins results enable tests ofuniversality and factorization-breaking in the transverse momentum-dependentformulation of perturbative quantum chromodynamics.

physical review. d/physical review. d.

Azimuthal transverse single-spin asymmetries of inclusive jets and  charged pions within jets from polarized-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =  500$ GeV