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We perform the first numerical simulations of necklaces in a non-Abeliangauge theory. Necklaces are composite classical solutions which can beinterpreted as monopoles trapped on strings, rather generic structures in aGrand Unified Theory. We generate necklaces from random initial conditions,modelling a phase transition in the early Universe, and study the evolution.For all cases, we find that the necklace system shows scaling behaviour similarto that of a network of ordinary cosmic strings. Furthermore, our simulationsindicate that comoving distance between the monopoles or semipoles along thestring asymptotes to a constant value at late times. This means that while themonopole-to-string energy density ratio decreases as the inverse of the scalefactor, a horizon-size length of string has a large number of monopoles,significantly affecting the dynamics of string loops. We argue thatgravitational wave bounds from millisecond pulsar timing on the string tensionin the Nambu-Goto scenario are greatly relaxed.

Numerical simulations of necklaces in SU(2) gauge-Higgs field theory