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We study $\Lambda$ baryons of spin-parity $\frac{1}{2}^{\pm}$ with either astrange or charm valence quark in full 2+1 flavor lattice QCD. Multiple $SU(3)$singlet and octet operators are employed to generate the desired single baryonstates on the lattice. Via the variational method, the couplings of thesestates to the different operators provide information about the flavorstructure of the $\Lambda$ baryons. We make use of the gauge configurations ofthe PACS-CS Collaboration and chirally extrapolate the results for the massesand $SU(3)$ flavor components to the physical point. We furthermore graduallychange the hopping parameter of the heaviest quark from strange to charm tostudy how the properties of the $\Lambda$ baryons evolve as a function of theheavy quark mass. It is found that the baryon energy levels increase almostlinearly with the quark mass. Meanwhile, the flavor structure of most of thestates remains stable, with the exception of the lowest $\frac{1}{2}^{-}$state, which changes from a flavor singlet $\Lambda$ to a $\Lambda_c$ statewith singlet and octet components of comparable size. Finally, we discusswhether our findings can be interpreted with the help of a simple quark modeland find that the negative-parity $\Lambda_c$ states can be naturally explainedas diquark excitations of the light $u$ and $d$ quarks. On the other hand, thequark-model picture does not appear to be adequate for the negative-parity$\Lambda$ states, suggesting the importance of other degrees of freedom todescribe them.

Flavor structure of $\Lambda$ baryons from lattice QCD: From strange to charm quarks