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This paper presents a search for massive charged long-lived particlesproduced in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV at the LHC using the ATLASexperiment. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2fb$^{-1}$. Many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence ofmassive charged long-lived particles, such as $R$-hadrons. These massiveparticles are expected to be produced with a velocity significantly below thespeed of light, and therefore to have a specific ionization higher than anyStandard Model particle of unit charge at high momenta. The Pixel subsystem ofthe ATLAS detector is used to measure the ionization energy loss ofreconstructed charged particles and to search for such highly ionizingparticles. The search presented here has much greater sensitivity than asimilar search performed using the ATLAS detector in the $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeVdataset, thanks to the increase in expected signal cross-section due to thehigher center-of-mass energy of collisions, to an upgraded detector with a newsilicon layer close to the interaction point, and to analysis improvements. Nosignificant deviation from Standard Model background expectations is observed,and lifetime-dependent upper limits on $R$-hadron production cross-sections andmasses are set. Gluino $R$-hadrons with lifetimes above 0.4 ns and decaying to$q\bar{q}$ plus a 100 GeV neutralino are excluded at the 95% confidence level,with lower mass limit ranging between 740 GeV and 1590 GeV. In the case ofstable $R$-hadrons the lower mass limit at the 95% confidence level is 1570GeV.

Search for metastable heavy charged particles with large ionization energy loss in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV using the ATLAS experiment