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In dense stellar environments, nuclei may become unstable against electroncaptures and/or neutron emissions. These processes are of particular importancefor determining the internal constitution of white-dwarf cores and neutron-starcrusts. In this paper, the role of electron exchange and polarization effectsis studied. In particular, the instability condition for the onset of electroncaptures and neutron emissions is extended so as to account for electronexchange and polarization. Moreover, general analytical expressions for thecorresponding density and pressure are derived. The corrections to theelectron-capture threshold in white-dwarf cores are found to be very small.Likewise, the neutron-drip density and pressure in the crusts of accreting andnonaccreting neutron stars are only slightly shifted. Depending on the nuclearmass model employed, electron polarization may change the composition of thecrust of nonaccreting neutron stars. On the other hand, the currentuncertainties in the masses of neutron-rich Kr and Sr isotopes are found to bemore important than electron exchange and polarization effects.

Electron exchange and polarization effects on electron captures and neutron emissions by nuclei in white dwarfs and neutron stars