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We analyze within a nuclear database framework the shoulder observed in theantineutrino spectra in current reactor experiments. We find that theENDF/B-VII.1 database predicts that the antineutrino shoulder arises from ananalogous shoulder in the aggregate fission beta spectra. In contrast, theJEFF-3.1.1 database does not predict a shoulder for two out of three of themodern reactor neutrino experiments, and the shoulder that is predicted byJEFF-3.1.1 arises from $^{238}$U. We consider several possible origins of theshoulder, and find possible explanations. For example, there could be a problemwith the measured aggregate beta spectra, or the harder neutron spectrum at alight-water power reactor could affect the distribution of beta-decayingisotopes. In addition to the fissile actinides, we find that $^{238}$U couldalso play a significant role in distorting the total antineutrino spectrum.Distinguishing these and quantifying whether there is an anomaly associatedwith measured reactor neutrino signals will require new short-baselineexperiments, both at thermal reactors and at reactors with a sizable epithermalneutron component.

The Possible Origin and Implications of the Shoulder in Reactor Neutrino Spectra