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Gravitational wave background results from the superposition of gravitationalwaves generated from all sources across the Universe. Previous efforts ondetecting such a background with pulsar timing arrays assume it is an isotropicGaussian background with a power law spectrum. However, when the number ofsources is limited, the background might be non-Gaussian or the spectrum mightnot be a power law. Correspondingly previous analysis may not work effectively.Here we use a method --- Bayesian Nonparametric Analysis --- to try to detect ageneric gravitational wave background, which directly sets constraints on thefeasible shapes of the pulsar timing signals induced by a gravitational wavebackground and allows more flexible forms of the background. Our Bayesiannonparametric analysis will infer if a gravitational wave background is presentin the data, and also estimate the parameters that characterize the background.This method will be much more effective than the conventional one assuming thebackground spectrum follows a power law in general cases. While the context ofour discussion focuses on pulsar timing arrays, the analysis itself is directlyapplicable to detect and characterize any signals that arise from thesuperposition of a large number of astrophysical events.

Searching for A Generic Gravitational Wave Background via Bayesian Nonparametric Analysis with Pulsar Timing Arrays