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We propose methods and present calculations that can be used to search forevidence of cosmic fields by investigating the parity-violating effects,including parity nonconservation amplitudes and electric dipole moments, thatthey induce in atoms. The results are used to constrain important fundamentalparameters describing the strength of the interaction of various cosmic fieldswith electrons, protons, and neutrons. Candidates for such fields are darkmatter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exoticsources described by standard-model extensions. Existing parity nonconservationexperiments in Cs, Dy, Yb, and Tl are combined with our calculations todirectly place limits on the interaction strength between the temporalcomponent, b_0, of a static pseudovector cosmic field and the atomic electrons,with the most stringent limit of |b_0^e| < 7*10^(-15) GeV, in the laboratoryframe of reference, coming from Dy. From a measurement of the nuclear anapolemoment of Cs, and a limit on its value for Tl, we also extract limits on theinteraction strength between the temporal component of this cosmic field, aswell as a related tensor cosmic-field component d_00, with protons andneutrons. The most stringent limits of |b_0^p| < 4*10^(-8) GeV and |d_00^p| <5*10^(-8) for protons, and |b_0^n| < 2*10^(-7) GeV and |d_00^n| < 2*10^(-7) forneutrons (in the laboratory frame) come from the results using Cs. Axions mayinduce oscillating P- and T-violating effects in atoms and molecules throughthe generation of oscillating nuclear magnetic quadrupole and Schiff moments,which arise from P- and T-odd intranuclear forces and from the electric dipolemoments of constituent nucleons. Nuclear-spin-independent paritynonconservation effects may be enhanced in diatomic molecules possessing closepairs of opposite-parity levels in the presence of time-dependent interactions.

physical review. d. particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/physical review. d, particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology

Parity-violating interactions of cosmic fields with atoms, molecules,  and nuclei: Concepts and calculations for laboratory searches and extracting  limits