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It has been long known that when spacetime symmetry is spontaneously broken,some of the broken generators may not give rise to independent gapless,Nambu-Goldstone excitations. We provide two complementary viewpoints of thisphenomenon. On the one hand, we show that the corresponding field degrees offreedom have the same symmetry transformation properties as massive, matterfields. The "inverse Higgs constraints", sometimes employed to eliminate thesemodes from the theory, are reinterpreted as giving a field parametrization thatmakes these transformation properties manifest. On the other hand, relationsamong classical symmetry transformations generally lead to identities for theassociated Noether currents that allow saturation of the Ward-Takahashiidentities for all the broken symmetries with fewer gapless excitations thansuggested by mere counting of broken generators.

Spontaneous breaking of spacetime symmetries and the inverse Higgs effect