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Binary pulsars are ideal to test the foundations of General Relativity, suchas Lorentz symmetry, which requires that experiments produce the same resultsin all free-falling (i.e.inertial) frames. We here break this symmetry in thegravitational sector by specifying a preferred time direction, and thus apreferred frame, at each spacetime point. We then examine the consequences ofthis gravitational Lorentz symmetry breaking in the orbital evolution of binarypulsars, focusing on the dissipative effects. We find that Lorentz symmetrybreaking modifies these effects, and thus the orbital dynamics, in twodifferent ways. First, it generically causes the emission of dipolar radiation,which makes the orbital separation decrease faster than in General Relativity.Second, the quadrupole component of the emission is also modified. The orbitalevolution depends critically on the sensitivities of the stars, which measurehow their binding energies depend on the motion relative to the preferredframe. We calculate the sensitivities numerically and compute the predictedorbital decay rate of binary pulsars in Lorentz-violating gravity. By testingthese predictions against observations, we place very stringent constraints ongravitational Lorentz violation.

Constraints on Einstein-\AE ther theory and Horava gravity from binary pulsar observations