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The upcoming direct detection of gravitational waves will open a window toprobing the strong-field regime of general relativity (GR). As a consequence,waveforms that include the presence of deviations from GR have been developed(e.g. in the parametrized post-Einsteinian approach). TIGER, a data analysispipeline which builds Bayesian evidence to support or question the validity ofGR, has been written and tested. In particular, it was shown recently that datafrom the LIGO and Virgo detectors will allow to detect deviations from GRsmaller than can be probed with Solar System tests and pulsar timingmeasurements or not accessible with conventional tests of GR. However, evidencefrom several detections is required before a deviation from GR can beconfidently claimed. An interesting consequence is that, should GR not be thecorrect theory of gravity in its strong field regime, using standard GRtemplates for the matched filter analysis of interferometer data will introducebiases in the gravitational wave measured parameters with potentiallydisastrous consequences on the astrophysical inferences, such as thecoalescence rate or the mass distribution. We consider three heuristic possibledeviations from GR and show that the biases introduced by assuming GR'svalidity manifest in various ways. The mass parameters are usually the mostaffected, with biases that can be as large as $30$ standard deviations for thesymmetric mass ratio, and nearly one percent for the chirp mass, which isusually estimated with sub-percent accuracy. We conclude that statements aboutthe nature of the observed sources, e.g. if both objects are neutron stars,depend critically on the explicit assumption that GR it the right theory ofgravity in the strong field regime.

How serious can the stealth bias be in gravitational wave parameter estimation?