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We report on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in thefrequency band 50-800 Hz and with the frequency time derivative in the range of0 through -6e-9 Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby spinning andslightly non-axisymmetric isolated neutron star in our galaxy. After recentimprovements in the search program that yielded a 10x increase in computationalefficiency, we have searched in two years of data collected during LIGO's fifthscience run and have obtained the most sensitive all-sky upper limits ongravitational wave strain to date. Near 150 Hz our upper limit on worst-caselinearly polarized strain amplitude $h_0$ is 1e-24, while at the high end ofour frequency range we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 3.8e-24 for allpolarizations and sky locations. These results constitute a factor of twoimprovement upon previously published data. A new detection pipeline utilizinga Loosely Coherent algorithm was able to follow up weaker outliers, increasingthe volume of space where signals can be detected by a factor of 10, but hasnot revealed any gravitational wave signals. The pipeline has been tested forrobustness with respect to deviations from the model of an isolated neutronstar, such as caused by a low-mass or long-period binary companion.

All-sky Search for Periodic Gravitational Waves in the Full S5 LIGO Data