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We discuss the role of cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations in theanalysis of critical behavior in QCD and the study of freeze-out conditions inheavy ion experiments. Through the comparison of the current set ofmeasurements of higher order cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations withlattice QCD calculations and results from hadron resonance gas model we canlearn to what extent freeze-out as, determined by such cumulants, occurs closeto the QCD transition temperature and thus can probe critical behavior at smallvalues of the baryon chemical potential. Understanding how the relation betweenfreeze-out conditions and the QCD crossover transition is reflected inproperties of the experimentally determined cumulants is an importantprerequisite to search for the QCD critical point. We point out that even ifperfect continuum extrapolated lattice QCD results would be available, it wouldbe inappropriate to use these observables to extract the value of the QCDtransition temperature at vanishing baryon chemical potential from experimentaldata. We furthermore provide indications that a recently performed comparisonof lattice QCD results on cumulants with data from heavy ion experiments sufferfrom systematic as well as statistical uncertainties in the lattice QCDcalculations. This makes such comparison of lattice QCD calculations withexperimental data at present not useful.

Has Tc been measured by heavy ion experiments?