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Gravity solutions dual to d-dimensional field theories at finite chargedensity have a near-horizon region which is AdS_2 x R^{d-1}. The scaleinvariance of the AdS_2 region implies that at low energies the dual fieldtheory exhibits emergent quantum critical behavior controlled by a(0+1)-dimensional CFT. This interpretation sheds light on recently-discoveredholographic descriptions of Fermi surfaces, allowing an analytic understandingof their low-energy excitations. For example, the scaling behavior near theFermi surfaces is determined by conformal dimensions in the emergent IR CFT. Inparticular, when the operator is marginal in the IR CFT, the correspondingspectral function is precisely of the "Marginal Fermi Liquid" form, postulatedto describe the optimally doped cuprates.

Emergent quantum criticality, Fermi surfaces, and AdS2