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Astrophysically realistic black holes may have spins that are nearly extremal(i.e., close to 1 in dimensionless units). Numerical simulations of binaryblack holes are important tools both for calibrating analytical templates forgravitational-wave detection and for exploring the nonlinear dynamics of curvedspacetime. However, all previous simulations of binary-black-hole inspiral,merger, and ringdown have been limited by an apparently insurmountable barrier:the merging holes' spins could not exceed 0.93, which is still a long way fromthe maximum possible value in terms of the physical effects of the spin. Inthis paper, we surpass this limit for the first time, opening the way toexplore numerically the behavior of merging, nearly extremal black holes.Specifically, using an improved initial-data method suitable for binary blackholes with nearly extremal spins, we simulate the inspiral (through 12.5orbits), merger and ringdown of two equal-mass black holes with equal spins ofmagnitude 0.95 antialigned with the orbital angular momentum.

Simulating merging binary black holes with nearly extremal spins