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The persistent discrepancy between observations of 7Li with putativeprimordial origin and its abundance prediction in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis(BBN) has become a challenge for the standard cosmological and astrophysicalpicture. We point out that the decay of GeV-scale metastable particles X maysignificantly reduce the BBN value down to a level at which it is reconciledwith observations. The most efficient reduction occurs when the decay happensto charged pions and kaons, followed by their charge exchange reactions withprotons. Similarly, if X decays to muons, secondary electron antineutrinosproduce a similar effect. We consider the viability of these mechanisms indifferent classes of new GeV-scale sectors, and find that several minimalextensions of the Standard Model with metastable vector and/or scalar particlesare capable of solving the cosmological lithium problem. Such light states canbe a key to the explanation of recent cosmic ray anomalies and can be searchedfor in a variety of high-intensity medium-energy experiments.

Metastable GeV-scale particles as a solution to the cosmological lithium problem