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We study a gauge-invariant variational framework for the Yang-Mills vacuumwave functional. Our approach is built on gauge-averaged Gaussian trialfunctionals which substantially extend previously used trial bases in theinfrared by implementing a general low-momentum expansion for the vacuum-fielddispersion (which is taken to be analytic at zero momentum). When completed bythe perturbative Yang-Mills dispersion at high momenta, this results in asignificantly enlarged trial functional space which incorporates both dynamicalmass generation and asymptotic freedom. After casting the dynamics associatedwith these wave functionals into an effective action for collections of softvacuum-field orbits, the leading infrared improvements manifest themselves asfour-gradient interactions. Those turn out to significantly lower the minimalvacuum energy density, thus indicating a clear overall improvement of thevacuum description. The dimensional transmutation mechanism and the dynamicallygenerated mass scale remain almost quantitatively robust, however, whichensures that our prediction for the gluon condensate is consistent withstandard values. Further results include a finite group velocity for the softgluonic modes due to the higher-gradient corrections and indications for anegative differential color resistance of the Yang-Mills vacuum.

Gauge-invariant and infrared-improved variational analysis of the Yang-Mills vacuum wave functional