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Neutron stars are sensitive laboratories for testing general relativity,especially when considering deviations where velocities are relativistic andgravitational fields are strong. One such deviation is described by dynamical,Chern-Simons modified gravity, where the Einstein-Hilbert action is modifiedthrough the addition of the gravitational parity-violating Pontryagin densitycoupled to a field. This four-dimensional effective theory arises naturallyboth in perturbative and non-perturbative string theory, loop quantum gravity,and generic effective field theory expansions. We calculate here Chern-Simonsmodifications to the properties and gravitational fields of slowly spinningneutron stars. We find that the Chern-Simons correction affects only thegravitomagnetic sector of the metric to leading order, thus introducingmodifications to the moment of inertia but not to the mass-radius relation. Weshow that an observational determination of the moment of inertia to anaccuracy of 10%, as is expected from near-future observations of the doublepulsar, will place a constraint on the Chern-Simons coupling constant of\xi^{1/4} < 5 km, which is at least three-orders of magnitude stronger than theprevious strongest bound.

Constraining Parity Violation in Gravity with Measurements of Neutron-Star Moments of Inertia