English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

A coupling system between Gaussian type-microwave photon flux, staticmagnetic field and fractal membranes (or other equivalent microwave lenses) canbe used to detect high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) in the microwaveband. We study the signal photon flux, background photon flux and the requisiteminimal accumulation time of the signal in the coupling system. Unlike pureinverse Gertsenshtein effect (G-effect) caused by the HFGWs in the GHz band,the the electromagnetic (EM) detecting scheme (EDS) proposed by China and theUS HFGW groups is based on the composite effect of the synchro-resonance effectand the inverse G-effect. Key parameters in the scheme include first-orderperturbative photon flux (PPF) and not the second-order PPF; thedistinguishable signal is the transverse first-order PPF and not thelongitudinal PPF; the photon flux focused by the fractal membranes or otherequivalent microwave lenses is not only the transverse first-order PPF but thetotal transverse photon flux, and these photon fluxes have differentsignal-to-noise ratios at the different receiving surfaces. Theoreticalanalysis and numerical estimation show that the requisite minimal accumulationtime of the signal at the special receiving surfaces and in the backgroundnoise fluctuation would be $\sim10^3-10^5$ seconds for the typical laboratorycondition and parameters of $h_{r.m.s.}\sim10^{-26}-10^{-30}$ at 5GHz withbandwidth $\sim$1Hz. In addition, we review the inverse G-effect in the EMdetection of the HFGWs, and it is shown that the EM detecting scheme based onlyon the pure inverse G-effect in the laboratory condition would not be useful todetect HFGWs in the microwave band.

Signal Photon Flux and Background Noise in a Coupling Electromagnetic Detecting System for High Frequency Gravitational Waves