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Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) are the most energetic events in the Universe, andprovide a complementary probe of dark energy by allowing the measurement ofcosmic expansion history that extends to redshifts greater than 6. Unlike TypeIa supernovae (SNe Ia), GRBs must be calibrated for each cosmological modelconsidered, because of the lack of a nearby sample of GRBs formodel-independent calibration. For a flat Universe with a cosmologicalconstant, we find Omega_m=0.25^{+0.12}_{-0.11} from 69 GRBs alone. We show thatthe current GRB data can be summarized by a set of model-independent distancemeasurements, with negligible loss of information. We constrain a dark energyequation of state linear in the cosmic scale factor using these distancemeasurements from GRBs, together with the "Union" compilation of SNe Ia, WMAPfive year observations, and the SDSS baryon acoustic oscillation scalemeasurement. We find that a cosmological constant is consistent with currentdata at 68% confidence level for a flat Universe. Our results provide a simpleand robust method to incorporate GRB data in a joint analysis of cosmologicaldata to constrain dark energy.

Model-Independent Distance Measurements from Gamma-Ray Bursts and Constraints on Dark Energy