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We consider the conditions for integrating out heavy chiral fields and moduliin N=1 supergravity, subject to two explicit requirements. First, theexpectation values of the heavy fields should be unaffected by low energyphenomena. Second, the low energy effective action should be described by N=1supergravity. This leads to a working definition of decoupling in N=1supergravity that is different from the usual condition of gravitationalstrength couplings between sectors, and that is the relevant one for inflationwith moduli stabilization, where some light fields (the inflaton) can have longexcursions in field space. It is also important for finding de Sitter vacua influx compactifications and KKLT scenarios, since failure of the decouplingcondition invalidates the implicit assumption that the stabilization anduplifting potentials have a low energy supergravity description.  We derive a sufficient condition for supersymmetric decoupling, namely, thatthe Kahler invariant function G = K + log |W|^2 is of the form G = L(light,(heavy)) with H and L arbitrary functions, which includes the particular case G= L(light) + H(heavy). The consistency condition does not hold in general forthe ansatz K = K(light) + K(heavy), W = W(light) + W(heavy) and we discussunder what circumstances it does hold.

Consistent Decoupling of Heavy Scalars and Moduli in N=1 Supergravity