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It has been speculated that quantum gravity might induce a "foamy" space-timestructure at small scales, randomly perturbing the propagation phases offree-streaming particles (such as kaons, neutrons, or neutrinos). Particleinterferometry might then reveal non-standard decoherence effects, in additionto standard ones (due to, e.g., finite source size and detector resolution.) Inthis work we discuss the phenomenology of such non-standard effects in thepropagation of electron neutrinos in the Sun and in the long-baseline reactorexperiment KamLAND, which jointly provide us with the best available probes ofdecoherence at neutrino energies E ~ few MeV. In the solar neutrino case, bymeans of a perturbative approach, decoherence is shown to modify the standard(adiabatic) propagation in matter through a calculable damping factor. Byassuming a power-law dependence of decoherence effects in the energy domain(E^n with n = 0,+/-1,+/-2), theoretical predictions for two-family neutrinomixing are compared with the data and discussed. We find that neither solar norKamLAND data show evidence in favor of non-standard decoherence effects, whosecharacteristic parameter gamma_0 can thus be significantly constrained. In the"Lorentz-invariant" case n=-1, we obtain the upper limit gamma_0<0.78 x 10^-26GeV at 95% C.L. In the specific case n=-2, the constraints can also beinterpreted as bounds on possible matter density fluctuations in the Sun, whichwe improve by a factor of ~ 2 with respect to previous analyses.

Probing non-standard decoherence effects with solar and KamLAND neutrinos