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We consider single-inclusive forward pion production in high-energyproton-proton collisions at RHIC energies. A good baseline description of thetransverse momentum distributions at high rapidity is obtained within Mueller'sdipole formalism with an anomalous dimension incorporating an ``extendedgeometric scaling'' window between the saturation and DGLAP regimes. We thenformulate pion production for transversely polarized projectiles within thesame approach. We assume that an azimuthal, spin-dependent asymmetry arisesfrom the so-called Sivers effect and investigate the single transverse-spinasymmetry A_N at 200 GeV and 500 GeV center-of-mass energy. A simpleparameterization of the Sivers functions from the literature comparesreasonably well with the high-energy STAR data if the overall normalization isscaled up by at least a factor of two. The STAR data might therefore indicatethat the Sivers effect is significantly stronger than thought so far. We alsoanalyze higher-twist contributions to A_N and find that they largely cancel.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

physical review. d. particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/physical review. d, particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology

Single transverse-spin asymmetries in forward pion production at high energy: Incorporating small-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:math>effects in the target

Single transverse-spin asymmetries in forward pion production at high energy: Incorporating small-xeffects in the target